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Scarabaeoidea of Southern South America Links |
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Scarab Guide Links
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Classification |
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Arctodium planum (Blanchard, 1850)
Arctodium planum (Blanchard 1850: 52).
Cratoscelis plana Blanchard 1850: 52.
Cratoscelis canicapilla Philippi & Philippi 1864: 326. |
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Map of central Chile showing distribution of Arctodium discolor
and A. planum |
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Description.
Male. Length 6.5-9.3 mm; width 3.9-6.2 mm. Color: Head, pronotum, scutellum, and
pygidium black; venter and legs brown; elytra brown. Head: Surface obscured by setae;
setae long, dense, pale yellow. Labrum with surface obscured by setae; setae short to moderately long, half as long as clypeal setae, dense, pale yellow. Mandibular external
surface with short to moderately long, dense, pale yellow setae. Maxillary palpi with short,
pale yellow, apical setae on all segments except last. Labial margins with moderately long,
dense, pale yellow setae. Labial palpi with short, pale yellow setae at apex of all segments
except last. Eye canthus setose; setae long, dense, pale yellow. Antenna with pedicel
setose, elongate, segment 2 globular, 3-6 subequal in length, 7-9 lamellate; club subequal
in length to segments 2-6 or to 3-6. Pronotum: Surface setosely punctate,
obscured by setae; setae, long, moderately dense to dense, pale yellow. Anterior margin
setose; setae short, dense, pale yellow to golden yellow. Lateral margins setose; setae long,
dense, white to pale yellow. Posterior margin setose; setae moderately long to long, dense,
pale yellow. Scutellum: Surface setose; setae long, moderately dense, pale yellow. Elytron:
Form moderately wide, less than half as wide as long. Surface strongly depressed,
obscured by setae; setae long, dense laterally, moderately dense medially, pale yellow.
Propygidium: Surface exposed, covered with long, dense, white setae; setae overlaying
basal 1/5 of pygidium (covered by elytra in some specimens), apices of setae forming
straight row. Pygidium: Surface obscured by setae; setae long, dense, pale yellow. Venter:
Thorax, mes- and metepisternum setose; setae dense, long, pale yellow. Abdominal
segments densely setose; setae long, pale yellow. Legs: Surface setose; setae long, dense,
pale yellow. Protibia slender, with 3 outer teeth and 2 inner teeth. Protibial spur small, 3/4
length of first tarsal segment. Metafemur broadly expanded. Metatibial apex with 2 spurs,
1 spine; spine between 2 spurs, longer than spurs, narrow, attenuate at apex.
Parameres: Fig. 9c.
Female. Females of A. planum are unknown. |
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Diagnosis.
Arctodium planum is characterized by its long, dense, pale yellow setae covering all
parts of the body. While some specimens of A. vulpinum may also have pale colored setae
on some parts of the body, the setae are not usually as long, dense, or pale yellow. Setae of
A. vulpinum are typically more golden brown. Other species of Arctodium do not have pale
setae. Arctodium planum is the only species that has pale colored setae on the apices of the
segments of the maxillary and labial palps and a fringe of pale yellow setae along the eye
canthus. All other species of Lichniini have dark colored (brown, gray, or black) setae on
the mouthparts and eye canthus. Arctodium planum males are also characterized by the
metatibial apex, which is modified into a spine that is slender and attenuate and is longer
than the adjacent spurs. Males of A. vulpinum and A. discolor also have a long
spine that is longer than the adjacent spurs, but the shape is different. The metatibial spine
of males of A. vulpinum and A. discolor is much broader and oblique towards the apex. Males of A. mahdii have a metatibial spine that is shorter than the adjacent spur. |
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Remarks.
While the original Philippi & Philippi type series of Cratoscelis canicapilla is lost, there is evidence in the original description to indicate that C.
canicapilla is a junior synonym of Arctodium planum. First, Philippi & Philippi
characterize C. canicapilla by the pale setae covering the body and particularly by the
"white lash-like hairs on the side of the head, while that of other species is black." These
pale setae are also what Blanchard (1850) used to characterize C. plana. Also, according to
Philippi & Philippi's description, C. canicapilla, like A. planum, is of a distinctly small
size, being four German lines long (approximately 8.8 mm including the head).
Furthermore, the type locality for C. canicapilla is Valparaíso, which is where most
specimens of A. planum are found. All other characters used by Philippi & Philippi to
describe C. canicapilla match characters of A. planum, and no characters were provided
that differ from A. planum. I conclude that C. canicapilla is conspecific with A. planum. |
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Distribution.
Central Chile in Region V (Valparaíso), Region VI (O'Higgins), and Region
Metropolitana de Santiago (see map). |
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Locality data.
99 specimens were examined from BMNH, FMNH, HAHC, JMEC, LEMQ, MNHN,
MNNC, UCCC, USNM.
CHILE. REGION METROPOLITANA DE SANTIAGO (13): Leyda (1), Macul (1),
Peumo (2), Pilay (8), Santiago (1). REGION V (VALPARAÍSO) (66): Algarrobo (2), El
Quisco (3), LloLleo (17), Malvilla (1), Peuelas (38), Quebrada Verde (1), Rodelillo (1),
San Antonio (3). REGION VI (O'HIGGINS) (2): Matanza (1), Rinconada de Idahue (1).
NO DATA (18). |
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Temporal data.
January (14), September (1), October (37), November (21), December (6). |
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Excerpt from:
Hawkins, S. J. 2006. A revision of the Chilean tribe Lichniini Burmeister, 1844
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Zootoaxa 1266:1-63. |
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