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KEY TO SPECIES OF BOLBORHINUM
(Bolborhinum seai females are unknown)
(From: Mondaca, J. and A.B.T. Smith. Submitted. A revision of the southern South American genus
Bolborhinum Boucomont (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae). Zootaxa).
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Note: females, particularly smaller or worn individuals, are very difficult to identify past couplet 9 of this key. Distribution, association with males, and examination of long series will all increase the chances of positively identifying female specimens.
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1. Head dorsomedially with 4 tubercles forming a trapezoid (broadest basally) (Figs. 19-20). Clypeal margin reflexed with two tubercles or teeth. Well-developed individuals with longitudinal carinae between head tubercles and sometimes joining the clypeal tubercles. Males and females …........…................................. Bolborhinum laesicolle (Fairmaire, 1856)
1'. Head with prominent horns, with fewer than 4 tubercles, or with tubercles not forming a trapezoid dorsomedially ………………………………………..……………….... 2


19

Fig. 19. Bolborhinum laesicolle in dorsal view.
Fig. 20. Bolborhinum laesicolle head.
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2(1'). Head with 5 distinct horns (Figs. 24-25), 1 horn a clypeal apex, 2 clypeal horns on either side of midline towards base of clypeus (not on lateral margin), 2 frontal horns on either side of midline slightly apical from eyes. Known only from northern Argentina (Catamarca) ....................................................... Bolborhinum seai (Martínez, 1951)
2'. Head with different horn configuration. Known only from central and southern Argentina (Mendoza to Río Negro) and Chile .............................. 3


24

Fig. 24.  Bolborhinum seai male (holotype) in dorsal view.
Fig. 25.  Bolborhinum seai male (holotype) head.
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3(2'). Clypeus with a distinct horn or horns (horns rarely worn down to look like tubercles, wearing is evident); apex of clypeus never with parabolic, blade-like carina. Males ….................................................................................. 4
3'. Clypeus without horns, with tubercles, carinae; apex of clypeus often with parabolic, blade-like carina (Figs. 23, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37). Females ………...................................................................................................... 9


23


27
     

29

35
     

35
    

Fig. 23.  Bolborhinum nasutum female in dorsal view. Fig. 27.  Bolborhinum shajovskoyi female in dorsal view. Fig. 29.  Bolborhinum shajovskoyi female head. Fig. 31.  Bolborhinum tricorne female in dorsal view. Fig. 33.  Bolborhinum tricorne female head. Fig. 35.  Bolborhinum trilobulicorne female in dorsal view.
Fig. 37.  Bolborhinum tubericeps female in dorsal view.
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4(3'). Head with a single, large clypeal horn (Figs. 21-22); frontal horn/tubercle absent .............. Bolborhinum nasutum (Fairmaire and Germain, 1861)
4'. Head with multiple horns or tubercles or completely without horns ........ 5

22

Fig. 21.  Bolborhinum nasutum male head.
Fig. 22.  Bolborhinum nasutum male in dorsal view.
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5(4'). Head with 1 large apically projecting clypeal horn and 2 large horns originating from supraocular margin (Figs. 30, 32). Well-developed individuals with an additional pair of lateral processes on the clypeal horn …..……...................................……….. Bolborhinum tricorne (Solier, 1851)
5'. Head without large horns originating from supraocular margin .……………. 6


30

Fig. 30.  Bolborhinum tricorne male in dorsal view.
Fig. 32.  Bolborhinum tricorne male head.
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6(5'). Head with 4 distinct horns, 3 clypeal horns and 1 frontal horn forming the corners of a diamond shape (Figs. 13, 36), 2 lateral clypeal horns not on margin ……………………………..…. Bolborhinum tubericeps (Fairmaire, 1856)
6'. Head with less than 4 horns, or with 4 horns but with 2 lateral horns on margin …............................................................................................. 7


13

36

Fig. 13.  Bolborhinum tubericeps male in lateral view.
Fig. 36.  Bolborhinum tubericeps male in dorsal view.
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7(6'). Head laterally with distinct blade-like process or horn on margin (Figs. 26, 28)…………......……………... Bolborhinum shajovskoyi (Martínez, 1952)
7'. Head without distinct lateral processes or horns, all horns located on or next to midline ..................................................................................... 8


26

Fig. 26.  Bolborhinum shajovskoyi male in dorsal view.
Fig. 28.  Bolborhinum shajovskoyi male head.
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8(7'). Head with two horns, basal horn located between eyes; apex of the clypeal horn trilobed, frontal horn bifurcate ….……..….......….….……..….......…. .….......….….……..…..Bolborhinum trilobulicorne Mondaca and Smith, 2008
8'. Head with either 1 or 2 horns, neither horn between or near eyes; 1 prominent horn at midline of clypeal apex and either 2 tubercles directly behind it or with a distinct clypeal horn directly behind it (rear clypeal horn sometimes bifurcate) ……….... Bolborhinum geotrupoides (Laporte, 1840)

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9(3'). Pronotum with small, round depression in the apical margin; pronotum impunctate in medial third of disc …….….……..….......….….……..….......….….……..…. .….......….….……..….Bolborhinum.nasutum (Fairmaire and Germain, 1861)
9'. Pronotum without small, round depression in the apical margin; sometimes with longitudinal depression apically; pronotum punctate in medial third of disc; punctures small, sometimes concentrated near midline ……..………........ 10
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10(9'). Supraocular margin elevated, cariniform, arcuate in posterior half (lateral view) (Figs. 10, 31, 33) .….… Bolborhinum tricorne (Solier, 1851)
10'. Supraocular margin weakly elevated or not elevated …………......……..... 11


10

31
Fig. 10.  Bolborhinum tricorne female in lateral view. Fig. 31.  Bolborhinum tricorne female in dorsal view. Fig. 33.  Bolborhinum tricorne female head.
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11(10'). Pronotum with thin, apical depression; pronotum with large punctures scattered unevenly across disc ...... Bolborhinum tubericeps (Fairmaire, 1856)
11'. Pronotum with or without thin, apical depression in the apical margin; pronotal surface more evenly punctate; punctures typically small, dense …. 12

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12(11'). Head with clypeal tubercle elevated (Figs. 8, 27, 29), with prominent lateral cariniform processes. More common in Argentina, but also known from IX Región de La Araucanía, Chile ..................... Bolborhinum shajovskoyi (Martínez, 1952)
12'. Head clypeal tubercle elevated or not elevated, without prominent lateral cariniform process. More common in Chile, but also known from Andean localities in Neuquén and Río Negro, Argentina …………………….....……………….... 13


8

27
Fig. 8.  Bolborhinum shajovskoyi femalein lateral view. Fig. 27.  Bolborhinum shajovskoyi female in dorsal view. Fig. 29.  Bolborhinum shajovskoyi
female head.

13(12'). Pronotum anteromedially with furrow; dorsal surface with larger punctures concentrated laterally, at medial furrow, and on pronotal depression ……………………………….Bolborhinum trilobulicorne Mondaca and Smith, 2008
13'. Pronotum medially without furrow, anteromedially with weak depression at apical margin ………............ Bolborhinum geotrupoides (Laporte, 1840)

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Authors: Jose Mondaca (Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Santiago, CHILE) and Andrew Smith ( Canadian Museum of Nature).
This website is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.0342189.
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