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Scarabaeoidea of Southern South America Links
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Scarab Guide Links
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Classification |
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Bolborhinum trilobulicorne Mondaca and Smith, 2008 |
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male |
female |
Bolborhinum trilobulicorne |
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Bolborhinum trilobulicorne in lateral view, male . |
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Bolborhinum trilobulicorne in lateral view, female. |
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Distribution of Bolborhinum trilobulicorne in southern South America. |
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Type specimens. Holotype male and 43 paratypes (41 males, 2 females) deposited in 14 institutions and private collections. Holotype male at MNNC labeled: a) “Chile, VII Reg., Maule / R.N. Los Queules / 35º59’16’’S 72º41’44.6’’W / 30-XI-2004, J. Mondaca & M.J. Paulsen col.” (typeset), b) “Southern Neotropical Scarabs/ database #JM2000486 m# / Bolborhinum trilobulicorne Mondaca & Smith / DET: J. Mondaca E. 2007” (typeset), c) “Bolborhinum trilobulicorne Mondaca & Smith / HOLOTYPE m# (red label, typeset). |
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Holotype. Male. Length: 15.0 mm. Width: 8.0 mm. Color: Dorsally shiny black, legs and venter dark brown. Head: with two horns; clypeal horn long, very robust, inclined anteriorly; apex widened, trilobed, with basal face excavated; frontal horn vertical, slightly curved basally at apex; apex bifurcate in “Y” shape. Frons and vertex smooth, impunctate. Labrum widely emarginated; dorsal surface punctate to rugose. Pronotum: with deep, narrow anterior excavation that surrounds the apical margin of the pronotum. Behind this excavation are a pair of prominent protuberances on each side of midline divided vertically by a furrow in the pronotal declivity; lateral edge of pronotum projected anteriorly in well-developed individuals; postero-superior ridge transverse, arcuate posteriorly, dorsomedially with longitudinal furrow that reaches the basal margin; dorsal surface with sparse punctures, more concentrated behind pronotal protuberances; pronotum laterally with large, dense punctures concentrated around the lateral fovea, at the apical and basal angles, and along the lateral margin. Scutellum: triangular in shape, wider than long, surface with fine punctures. Elytron: apically with impressed stria; puncture small, separated by one puncture diameter; sutural interstriae wide, dorsally smooth, impunctate. Venter: Surface covered by long, yellowish-brown, moderately dense setae; abdominal sternites moderately setose, covered with dense punctures. Metasternum densely punctate, with median longitudinal carina; metasternal process anteriorly truncate, sparsely setose. Legs: Protibia wide, with six teeth on outer margin; protibial spur long, subparallel, acuminate at apex, protrudes slightly past the second protarsomere. Mesocoxae contiguous. Mesotibia strongly thickened; subapical transverse carina well developed, surrounded by acute spines; apex with two apical spurs; spurs long, asymmetrical. Metatibia with subapical carina as in mesotibia, surrounded by long and acute spines. Male genitalia: Aedeagus as in Fig. 53. |
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Variation. 41 males and 2 females paratypes. Length 12.0-14.8 mm, width 6.9-8.0 mm. Variation in the specimens examined is mainly in size. Some male paratypes differ from the holotype in the weaker development of the cephalic horns, pronotal protuberances, and pronotal excavation, all of which are sexually dimorphic characters present only in the males of this species.
Female. Length: 14.5 mm. Width: 8.0 mm. Similar to male holotype except in the following respects: Head: Surface rugulose and rugopunctate, anteriorly on the clypeal region with a pair of short carinae that converge distally. Clypeus truncate, elevated apically. Frons with an obsolete, bifid tubercle. Pronotum: without anteromedian excavation, only with small depression located immediately behind of the apical margin; surface with larger punctures concentrated laterally, at medial furrow, and on pronotal depression. Female genitalia: not diagnostic. |
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Etymology. The name "trilobulicorne" refers to the three lobes on the apex of the clypeal horn in the male of this species, which is a unique character in this genus. |
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Diagnosis. Bolborhinum trilobulicorne is distinguished from other species of Bolborhinum by the following combination of characters: Head with two robust cephalic horns; clypeal horn directed anteriorly, with apex trilobed; frontal horn vertical, bifurcate distally, slightly curved posteriorly. Pronotum with deep, narrow, apical excavation expanded laterally to the apical angle; excavation with a pair of prominent protuberances and the lateral border projected apically; postero-superior ridge transverse, medially with weakly depressed longitudinal furrow that reaches the basal margin. |
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Distribution (Fig. 62). CHILE (44). VII Región del Maule (44): Reserva Nacional Los Queules (44). |
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Specimens examined. 44 specimens were examined from CMNC, JMEC, MNNC. |
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Temporal data. November (28), December (16). |
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Natural History. Specimens were collected at dusk (20:30 and 21:00 hrs) flying near their burrows, which ranged in depth from 40 to 60 cm and seemed to be preferentially located in forest gaps such as trails and roadsides. The forest that surrounds the open areas with burrows consists mainly of non-native pine plantations (Pinus radiata D. Don, Pinacea), mixed with fragments of relictual coastal Maulino forest restricted to the coastal zone of Maule in Region VII. This new species is sympatric with Bolborhinum tubericeps. |
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Remarks. The known distribution of this species is restricted to the type locality, which is in the mountain range near the coast of Maule Region. This geographic distribution corresponds to the biogeographic region of Central Chile and Maule used by Morrone et al. (1997) and Morrone (1999). This new species is only known from specimens that were collected after the year 2000. This highlights the need for continued survey work in poorly collected coastal areas of central Chile, especially since natural habitats these areas are under intensive pressure from human development. |
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References:
Morrone, J. J. (1999) Presentación preliminar de un nuevo esquema biogeográfico de América del Sur. Biogeográfica, 75, 1-16.
Morrone, J.J., Katinas, L., & Crisci, J.V. (1997) A cladistic biogeographis analysis of Central Chile. Journal of Comparative Biology, 2, 25-42. |
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Excerpt from:
Mondaca, J. and A.B.T. Smith. (2008) A revision of the southern South American genus Bolborhinum Boucomont (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae). Zootaxa, 1794, 1-48. |
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