1.
.
Protibial spur absent (Fig. 10). Maxilla reduced, with 2 or fewer teeth (Fig. 13)
.
2
 

1'.
.

Protibial spur present (Fig. 9). Maxilla not reduced, with more than 2 teeth (Figs 11-12, 14)
.
3
Figure 11. Left maxilla in ventral view of Anomala chrysanthe
Figure 12.Left maxilla in ventral view of Dilophochila bolacoides
Figure 9. Foreleg in dorsal view of Anomala chrysanthe.
Figure 10. Foreleg in dorsal view of Leptohoplia testaceipennis
Figure 13. Left maxilla in ventral view of Leptohoplia testaceipennis
Figure 14. Left maxilla in ventral view of Mazahuapertha tolucana
.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2(1).
.
.
.
.
Mesepimeron not visible in dorsal view (e.g., Fig. 6). Clypeus with lateral margins at base straight (forming a right angle with frontoclypeal suture). Maxilla with last segment of palpus 2 times wider than width of third segment (Fig. 13). Dorsal color testaceous
.
.
.
.
Leptohoplia
 

2'.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Mesepimeron visible in dorsal view (e.g., Figs 3-5). Clypeus with lateral margins at base oblique (forming an acute angle with frontoclypeal suture). Maxilla with last segment of palpus subequal in width to third segment (Fig. 14). Dorsal color of head, pronotum, and pygidium castaneous with greenish reflections, elytron testaceous with castaneous, longitudinal markings
.
.
.
.
.
.
Mazahuapertha
Figure 3. Mesepimeron of Epectinaspis

Figure 4. Mesepimeron of
Strigoderma

Figure 5. Mesepimeron of
Popillia
Figure 6. Mesepimeron of Anomala
.
Figure 13. Left maxilla in ventral view of Leptohoplia testaceipennis
Figure 14. Left maxilla in ventral view of Mazahuapertha tolucana
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3(1).
.
Labrum projecting anteriorly beyond apex of clypeus (Fig. 15). Apex of labrum deeply emarginate (Figs 15, 18)
 

3'.
.
.

Labrum hidden or partially hidden, only apex exposed beyond apex of clypeus (Figs 16, 17). Apex of labrum quadrate, rounded, sinuate (Fig. 19), or emarginate (Fig. 20)
.
.
4
Figure 15. Head of Chelilabia piniphaga
Figure 16. Head of Anomala chrysanthe
Figure 17 Head of Anomalacra clypealis
Figure 18. Labrum in ventral view of Chelilabia piniphaga
Figure 19. Labrum in ventral view of Anomala chrysanthe
Figure 20. Labrum in ventral view of Dilophochila bolacoides
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4(3).
.
Anterior border of clypeus emarginate, lobed either side of emargination (Fig. 21)
 

4'.
.

Anterior border of clypeus quadrate (Fig. 16), rounded, parabolic (Fig. 17), or produced anteriorly (Figs 22a-b, 23a-c)
.
5
Figure 16. Head of Anomala chrysanthe
Figure 17. Head of Anomalacra clypealis
Figure 21. Head of Dilophochila bolacoides

Figure 22. Head of Callirhinus metallescens
a) dorsal view, b) lateral view
.
.
.
Figure 23a-d. Heads of: Anomalorhina turrialbana: 23a) male head and pronotum in dorsal view; 23b) male head in lateral view. Anomalorhina osaensis: 23c) male head and pronotum; 23d) female head and pronotum.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5(4).
.
.
.
.
Frontoclypeal suture incomplete (obsolete at middle, poorly defined at margin) (Fig. 23a). Sides of clypeus elevated at base of canthus (Fig. 23b). Males with pronotal disc with depression (Figs 23a, 23c). Females with apical margin of pronotum with bead produced posteriorly at middle (V-shaped) (Fig. 23d)
.
.
.
.
Anomalorhina
 

5'.
.
.
.

Frontoclypeal suture complete (Figs 16, 17). Sides of clypeus weakly elevated or flat at base of canthus (Fig. 16). Males with pronotal disc evenly rounded (without fovea). Females with apical margin of pronotum with bead not produced posteriorly
.
.
.
6
Figure 16. Head of Anomala chrysanthe
Figure 17. Head of Anomalacra
clypealis

Figure 23a-d. Heads of: Anomalorhina turrialbana: 23a) male head and pronotum in dorsal view; 23b) male head in lateral view. Anomalorhina osaensis: 23c) male head and pronotum; 23d) female head and pronotum.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

6(5).
.

Clypeus abruptly reflexed and snout-like, apex abruptly constricted (Figs 22a-b)
 

6'.
.

Clypeus not abruptly reflexed and snout-like, apex quadrate, rounded, or parabolic (e.g., Figs 16-17)
.
7
Figure 16. Head of Anomala chrysanthe
Figure 17. Head of Anomalacra
clypealis
Figure 22. Head of Callirhinus metallescens
a) dorsal view, b) lateral view
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7(6).
 Clypeus parabolic (Fig. 17)
 

7'.

 Clypeus rounded or quadrate (Fig. 16)
Figure 16. Head of Anomala chrysanthe
Figure 17. Head of Anomalacra
clypealis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8(7).
.
.
Pronotum suboval (Fig. 26), with anterior angles not acute (Fig. 31), not covering posterior portion of eye (Fig. 31). Hind wing with region anterior to RA3+4 without setae
 

8'.
.
.
.
.

Pronotum sub-quadrate (Figs 27, 28), with anterior angles acute (Fig. 32), covering posterior 1/3-1/6 portion of eye (Fig. 32) or pronotum sub-trapezoidal (Fig. 29), with anterior angles not acute, not covering posterior portion of eye. Hind wing with region anterior to RA 3+4 with setae
.
.
.
.
9
Figure 26. Pronotum in dorsal view of Balanogonia freudei

Figure 27. Pronotum in dorsal view of Epectinaspis moreletiana
Figure 28. Pronotum in dorsal view of Strigoderma vestita
Figure 29. Pronotum in dorsal view of Yaaxkumukia ephemera
Figure 31. Head in lateral view of Balanogonia freudei
Figure 32. Head in lateral view of Epectinaspis moreletiana
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9(8).
.
Mesepimeron partially visible anterior to base of elytron in dorsal view (Figs 3-5)
.
10
 

9'.

 Mesepimeron concealed by base of elytron in dorsal view (Fig. 6)
Figure 3. Mesepimeron of Epectinaspis
Figure 4. Mesepimeron of Strigoderma
Figure 5. Mesepimeron of Popillia
Figure 6. Mesepimeron of Anomala
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10(9).
.
Base of pronotum tri-emarginate (Fig. 5). Mesometasternum produced anteriorly beyond base of mesocoxae (Fig. 33)
 

10'.
.
.

Base of pronotum rounded posteriorly (e.g., Figs 26-29). Mesometasternum not produced anteriorly beyond base of mesocoxae (Figs 34, 35)
.
.
11
Figure 5. Mesepimeron of Popillia
Figure 26. Pronotum in dorsal view of Balanogonia freudei

Figure 27. Pronotum in dorsal view of Epectinaspis moreletiana
Figure 28. Pronotum in dorsal view of Strigoderma vestita
Figure 29. Pronotum in dorsal view of Yaaxkumukia ephemera
Figure 33. Mesosternum of Popillia japonica
.
Figure 34. Mesosternum of Anomala autogramma
.
Figure 35. Mesosternum of Epectinaspis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11(10).
.
.
Pronotal surface finely rugopunctate. Elytral surface finely rugopunctate, lacking punctate striae or raised longitudinal ridges
 

11'.
.

Pronotal surface punctate. Elytral surface with punctate striae, raised longitudinal ridges, or entirely smooth
.
12
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12(11).
.
.
.
Mesosternal intercoxal region subequal in width to base of mesofemur (Fig. 36). Mesepimeron subrectangular, well-exposed (Fig. 4). Clypeus of male narrowly reflexed at apex. Dorsal surface of elytron flat
 

12'.
.
.
.

Mesosternal intercoxal region less than 1/4 width of base of mesofemur (Fig. 35). Mesepimeron subtriangular, partially exposed (Fig. 3). Clypeus of male broadly reflexed at apex. Dorsal surface of elytron evenly rounded
Figure 3. Mesepimeron of Epectinaspis
Figure 4. Mesepimeron of Strigoderma
Figure 35. Mesosternum of Epectinaspis opacicollis
Figure 36. Mesosternum of Strigoderma rutelina
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13(9).
.
.
.
Mesosternal intercoxal region subequal in width to base of mesofemur or 1/2 width of base of mesofemur (Fig. 37). Mesometasternum produced anteriorly beyond base of mesocoxae (Fig. 37)
.
.
.
14
 

13'.
.
.

Mesosternal intercoxal region less than 1/4 width base of mesofemur (Fig. 34). Mesometasternum not produced anteriorly beyond base of mesocoxae (Fig. 34)
Figure 34. Mesosternum of Anomala autogramma
Figure 37. Mesosternum of Callistethus specularis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14(13).
.
Height of clypeal apex in frontal view about 1/2 length of clypeus in dorsal view (Fig. 24). Maxilla with 5 teeth
 

14'.
.

Height of clypeal apex in frontal view about 1/3-1/4 length of clypeus in dorsal view (Fig. 25). Maxilla with 6 teeth
.
15
Figure 24. Head in frontolateral view of Nayarita
Figure 25. Head in frontolateral view of Yaaxkumukia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15(14).
.
Last abdominal spiracle tuberculiform in male (Fig. 38). Pronotum with apical margin not beaded
 

15'.
.

Last abdominal spiracle simple, not tuberculiform in male or female (Fig. 39). Pronotum with apical margin beaded
Figure 38. Last spiracle in lateral view of Yaaxkumukia ephemera
Figure 39. Last spiracle in lateral view of Callistethus specularis
 
Paucar-Cabrera, A. 2003. Systematics and phylogeny of the genus Epectinaspis Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) and description of a new genus of Anomalini from Mexico. Coleopterists Society Monographs 2:1-60.