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Scarabaeoidea of Southern South America Links
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Scarab Guide Links
(goes to the University of Nebraska
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Classification |
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Hylamorpha Arrow, 1899
Hylamorpha Arrow 1899:368. |
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Dorsal habitus of Hylamorpha elegans (Burmeister). |
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Type species: Aulacopalpus elegans Burmeister 1844:459, here designated (see
discussion below). |
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Description. Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Anoplognathini, Brachysternina. Form: Suboval,
wider behind, dorsum convex. Length 11.0–20.0 mm from apex of clypeus to apex
of elytra; width 5.5–11.0 mm across elytral humeri. Color dorsally light to dark apple
green, sometimes with brown elytra. Head: Surface densely rugopunctate. Frontoclypeal
suture distinct. Clypeus with apex broadly rounded, broadly reflexed. Labrum vertically
produced with respect to clypeus, with well-defined median tooth, apex broadly rounded.
Mentum with anterior edge produced into small tooth that curves into oral cavity. Pronotum:
Surface densely punctate to rugopunctate. Base with fringe of dense, moderately
long, white setae extending from beneath posterior margin. Elytra: Surface wrinkled and
with punctate striae; punctures with scale-like, white setae. Lateral margin membranous
from metepimeron to apex. Pygidium: Surface densely rugopunctate, covered by dense,
scale-like white setae. Apex at middle with distinct tuft of longer setae. Legs: Protibia
tridentate in both sexes, apical spur lacking. Protarsomeres 1–4 each with pair of small
spinules on ventral side at apex; protarsomere 5 with distinct, median tooth on ventral
side. All claws simple, not split at apex. Unguitractor plate trisetose. Venter: Prosternum
lacking keel. Mesometasternal process absent. Propygidium without supraspiracular
ridge. Last sternite entire at apex in both sexes, not emarginate. |
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Diagnosis. The genus Hylamorpha may be distinguished from other genera
of the Brachysternina (Aulacopalpus and Brachysternus) by
(1) simple tarsal
claws (simple or bifurcate in Brachysternus, simple or bifurcate in Aulacopalpus),
(2) multisetose unguitractor plates (bisetose in Brachysternus and Aulacopalpus),
(3) fourth protarsomeres with two, small, straight spines (spines
curved in Brachysternus or straight or curved in Aulacopalpus), (4) apex of
last sternite entire in females (entire in Aulacopalpus, emarginate in Brachysternus), and
(5) white, scale-like elytral setae (hair-like, slender or thick setae
in Brachysternus and Aulacopalpus). |
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Type Species. Machatschke (1965, 1972) incorrectly designated Aulacopalpus viridis Burmeister, 1844 (not A. viridis Guérin-Méneville 1838) as the
type species of the genus Hylamorpha. Arrow (1899) did not designate a type
species when he created Hylamorpha. However, A. viridis Burmeister is not
an available name. Burmeister (1844:459) simply redescribed A. viridis Guérin-Méneville, correctly attributing A. viridis to Guérin-Méneville (1838:58).
Aulacopalpus viridis Guérin-Méneville remains a valid species in the genus
Aulacopalpus [see Smith (2002) revision of Aulacopalpus and Jameson and
Smith (2002) revision of Brachysternus].
Machatschke’s (1965, 1972) view that the A. viridis of Guérin-Méneville is
different than the A. viridis of Burmeister was based on an error by Arrow
(1899). When Arrow created the genus Hylamorpha, he described two new
species (H. rufimana and H. cylindrica) and transferred one previously described
species (A. elegans Burmeister) into Hylamorpha. Burmeister’s (1844)
redescription of A. viridis Guérin-Méneville matches Guérin-Méneville’s original
description. Arrow (1899) knew the identity of the true A. viridis and
characterized it properly as ‘‘. . . a glabrous insect, clothed beneath with long
hair and not decumbent scales, and having the last joint of the maxillary palpus
greatly enlarged and channelled along almost its entire length.’’ However,
when Arrow erected the genus Hylamorpha for A. elegans, he inadvertently
called the species he placed in it A. viridis Burmeister twice and correctly
called it H. elegans twice! We know he meant H. elegans because he stated
that ‘‘H. viridis Burm. is the only species of this genus at present described’’
and ‘‘Aulacopalpus angustus Philippi must be transferred to the genus
Brachysternus, with which it agrees in all essential points, having only a superficial
likeness to H. ELEGANS’’ (emphasis ours). Moreover, Arrow’s (1899)
description for A. elegans matches his generic description for Hylamorpha whereas the description given for A. viridis Guérin-Méneville and the redescriptions
by Burmeister (1844) and Arrow (1899) of A. viridis do not correspond
with Arrow’s definition of Hylamorpha. And lastly, Arrow (1901) referred
only to H. elegans (not H. viridis) being in the genus Hylamorpha.
Machatschke (1965), apparently recognizing none of this, designated H. viridis Burmeister as the type species of the genus Hylamorpha. Burmeister
(1844) properly credited Guérin-Méneville for describing A. viridis, but Arrow
(1899) mistakenly attributed A. viridis to Burmeister. Machatschke simply continued
Arrow’s mistake. Machatschke’s designation of A. viridis Burmeister as
the type species of the genus Hylamorpha is invalid since there is no such
species or name.
Accordingly, we designate Aulacopalpus elegans Burmeister as the type
species of the genus Hylamorpha. The type species of Hylamorpha is now
fixed pursuant to Article 70.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
(International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999). |
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Excerpt from:
Ratcliffe, B.C. and F.C. Ocampo . 2002. A review of the genus Hylamorpha (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini, Brachysternina). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 56(3):367–378. |
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