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Calamosternus Motschulsky 1859
Calamosternus Motschulsky 1859: 156
Photo by P. Skelley.
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| Aphodiinae Overview | ||
| Aphodiini Key |
Type species. Scarabaeus granarius Linnaeus 1767: 547, by monotypy
= ?Megalisus Mulsant and Rey 1870: 209. Type species:
Aphodius stercorarius Mulsant and Rey 1870, by subsequent
designation.
Diagnosis. Body length 3.4-6.0 mm, elongate, robust; dark brown to black. Head with tubercles. Pronotum with widely scattered coarse punctures, lacking lateral fringe of setae, with basal marginal line. Scutellum pentagonal, usually depressed below surface of elytra. Metatibial apical spinules short and equal.
Distribution. Calamosternus is primarily an Old World genus, with one species native to Mexico and one introduced species widely distributed in the New World.
Composition. Worldwide, Calamosternus contains approximately 25 species, 2 of which occur in the New World (one native, one introduced).
Calamosternus colimaensis (Hinton 1934: 200) [Aphodius], Mexico.
= Aphodius nubilis Hinton 1934: 188 [not nubilis Panzer 1798,
Dellacasa 1988: 326].
Calamosternus granarius (Linnaeus 1767: 547) [Scarabaeus], cosmopolitan.
= Aphodius adelaidae Hope 1847: 284.
= Aphodius apicalis Ragusa 1883: 290.
= Aphodius ater Thunberg 1818: 400.
= Aphodius aterrimus Melsheimer 1844: 136.
= Aphodius basilaris Dalla Torre 1879: 107.
= Aphodius brunnescens Reitter 1892: 189.
= Aphodius carbonarius Sturm 1805: 128.
= Aphodius concolor Mulsant 1842: 199.
= Aphodius cribratus Mulsant 1842: 199.
= Aphodius elongatus Ménétriés 1832: 182.
= Aphodius emarginatus Stephens 1830: 198.
= Aphodius fusculus Bouskell 1901: 19.
= Aphodius haemorrhous Stephens 1830: 196.
= Aphodius hypocrita Mulsant and Rey 1870: 449.
= Aphodius inutilis Horn 1887: 50.
= Aphodius lucens Stephens 1830: 196.
= Aphodius melanopus Stephens 1830: 198.
= Aphodius metallicus Haldeman 1848: 105.
= Aphodius granarius ab. moestus Mulsant 1842: 199.
= Aphodius nama Kolbe 1908: 126.
= Aphodius niger Creutzer 1799: 20.
= Aphodius parcepunctatus Mulsant 1842: 199.
= Aphodius pirinensis Balthasar 1946: 62.
= Scarabaeus quadrituberculatus Fabricius 1798: 23.
= Aphodius retusus Waltl 1835: 67.
= Aphodius rugulosus Mulsant 1842: 199.
= Aphodius signatus Schmidt 1916: 99.
= Aphodius spretus Haldeman 1848: 106.
= Aphodius suturalis Faldermann 1835: 259.
= Aphodius thoracicus Dalla Torre 1879: 107.
= Aphodius tilgranicus Nakane 1966: 232.
= Aphodius vagus Marseul 1878: 56.
Life History. Calamosternus granarius has been transported around the world. It is a common surface dung generalist as adult. Adults are sexually dimorphic in shape and surface sculpture of the head and pronotum, and are often confused with native species of other genera. Details of the biology for C. colimaensis are unknown.
Larvae. The larva of C. granarius has most recently been described in Ritcher (1966).
References:
Dellacasa, M., R. D. Gordon, and G. Dellacasa. 2004c. Systematic redefinition of Calamosternus colimaensis (Hinton, 1934) and its sibling species, Calamosternus uniplagiatus (Waterhouse, 1875) (Scarabaeoidea: Aphodiidae). Folia Entomologica Mexicana 43(1): 131-134.
Gordon, R. D., and P. E. Skelley. 2007. A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 79: 580 pp.
Ritcher, P.O. 1966. White grubs and their allies: A study of North American scarabaeoid larvae. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon. Studies in Entomology 4: 219 pp.
Skelley, P. E., M. Dellacasa, G. Dellacasa, and R. D. Gordon. 2007. Checklist of the Aphodiini of Mexico, Central and South America (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Insecta Mundi 0014: 1-14.
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| Author: Paul Skelley Generated on: 28/APR/08.....Last modified: 28/APR/08 University of Nebraska State Museum - Division of Entomology |